Texas A&M University (TAMU) NUTR 301 Nutrition Through Life Exam 1 Practice Test

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• Menstrual cycle length is typically about how many days?
• All pregnant women should be tested with a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test at which gestational age?
• Which dietary factor is listed as a potential contributor to infant colic?
• A miscarriage is defined as the loss of pregnancy before how many weeks?
• Which group of vitamins is fat-soluble?
• Obesity in men is associated with what effect on sperm?
• Diabetes can affect fertility in men and women; which statement is true?
• Hydrogenation can convert cis fatty acids to which form?
• Which hormone increases due to the placenta?
• Which statement about the placenta's functions is NOT accurate?
• Hydrogenation of unsaturated fatty acids results in which change?
• The content of water-soluble vitamins in human milk is most influenced by what?
• Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) is defined as the average daily amount of a nutrient that will maintain a specific biochemical or physiological function in half the healthy people of a given age and gender group.
• What percent of infertility conceive without technology?
• What is the most common reason for cessation of breastfeeding?
• Triglycerides are composed of how many fatty acids attached to glycerol?
• Dumping syndrome involves rapid emptying of gastric contents into the small intestine and pancreas, triggering insulin release and resulting in which condition?
• Iodine is necessary for what physiological function?
• Which whey protein in human milk acts as an iron carrier?
• What is the effect of combining estradiol and progestin on LH and FSH?
• Which is the main fetal growth stimulator?
• Which vitamins are fat-soluble?
• Which mineral has a pregnancy daily intake of 11 mg/day?
• In fetal growth, what is the difference between hyperplasia and hypertrophy?
• Hypertension in pregnancy is related to which processes?
• Newborns of mothers with diabetes during pregnancy are at risk for which outcomes within 12 hours after birth?
• Which intervention is commonly used to treat a plugged duct?
• Which of the following is listed as a cause of miscarriage?
• Infant colic is defined as crying for more than how many hours per day with no medical cause?
• Lactogenesis III occurs when?
• Most adults do not consume adequate levels of which type of fatty acids?
• Which nutrient has a 1000 mg/day recommendation for adults?
• Approximately what fraction of total pregnancy weight gain goes to the fetus?
• Which term best matches the description 'the highest average daily nutrient intake level likely to pose no risk of adverse health effects to almost all individuals in a life stage and gender group'?
• During pregnancy, why should sodium reduction generally not be recommended?
• Which statement defines food security?
• Which carbohydrate is dominant in human milk and enhances calcium absorption?
• Early jaundice in newborns is typically due to which condition?
• Approximately what percentage of U.S. couples experience subfertility?
• Which dietary component is linked to fewer chromosomally abnormal sperm?
• A 2-hour glucose tolerance test result of 180 mg/dL indicates which category?
• What is the approximate plasma volume by week 20, given it increases from about 50 mL at week 10 to about 800 mL by week 20?
• Which treatment is indicated for pathological jaundice?
• Which adverse baby outcome is linked to maternal obesity?
• Which of the following is NOT a disaccharide?
• Which of the following minerals has a pregnancy daily intake of 27 mg/day?
• According to the theory of nutritional infertility, what triggers GnRH suppression and reduced fertility?
• Obesity is associated with which reproductive issue in women?
• Which are key characteristics of a healthy diet?
• The standard daily calcium requirement for adults is which amount?
• Being underweight is associated with infertility due to what effect on GnRH and estrogen?
• Lactogenesis II occurs two to five days after birth, with transitional milk and milk 'comes in'.
• Subfertility is defined as which of the following?
• Postpartum testing for diabetes after gestational diabetes should be performed six weeks after delivery using which method?
• Which statement describes the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA)?
• What do contraceptives contain in terms of hormones?
• Water in human milk is the major component and is isotonic with maternal plasma.
• Which statement is NOT true about colostrum?
• What axis is abbreviated HPG?
• During which phase does maternal anabolism predominantly occur?
• In hyperlactation, what is the recommended approach once milk flow is too fast?
• What percentage of full-term infants show neonatal jaundice?
• Which release is responsible for ejection of milk from the milk gland?
• During pregnancy, the daily requirement for iron is 27 mg/day.
• Which is a neonatal complication associated with gestational diabetes?
• Which hormone stimulates the growth of developing ovarian follicles (ova)?
• Gestational hypertension is associated with which future risk?
• Which omega-3 fatty acid is emphasized for women before conception?
• Compared with HMS, human milk typically contains fewer calories.
• What fasting plasma glucose value is a diagnostic cutpoint for diabetes in pregnancy on a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test?
• Which statement about the effect of maternal diet on breast milk energy is correct?
• Which oral medication is used to decrease insulin resistance?
• Which of the following is a prevention method for engorgement?
• Calcium has a recommended daily intake of 1000 mg/day. Which option lists the mineral correctly?
• Which psychological benefit is associated with breastfeeding?
• In cases of difficult latch, what is a recommended technique to help draw out the nipple before feeding?
• During the luteal phase description, what event triggers ovulation?
• Colostrum is produced in the first days after birth and is rich in secretory IgA and lactoferrin.
• Which pregnancy hormone stops being produced around 20 weeks?
• Hyperinsulinemia contributes to hyperandrogenemia by which mechanism?
• Gestational age is typically measured from conception. Which statement is correct?
• From birth to what age is breastfeeding generally recommended?
• Which mineral level in human milk does not decrease over the first four months?
• What bilirubin level is typical for physiological newborn jaundice?
• Which process is involved in preeclampsia?
• Which mineral has a daily pregnancy value of 27 mg/day?
• Which statement best describes the relation of intake levels to malnutrition?
• In PCOS management, what is the role of insulin-sensitizing drugs?
• Which macronutrient is the preferred fuel for the fetus, contributing 50-80% of its energy needs?
• Engorgement is defined as which of the following?
• Which of the following is a management step for hyperlactation?
• One long-term consequence for children born to mothers with gestational diabetes is increased risk of which of the following?
• Which trace mineral level in human milk is influenced by the mother's diet?
• What is bilirubin?
• Regarding flat or inverted nipples, which statement is correct if the latch is proper?
• After ovulation, the empty follicle becomes which structure?
• Which vitamin is given by injection at birth to all U.S. infants?
• Luteinizing hormone (LH) stimulates secretion of which hormone?
• What is the desirable birth weight range?
• Which changes characterize the maternal catabolic phase?
• Which phase of maternal metabolism is associated with mobilization of fat stores and increased levels of catabolic hormones?
• Which of the following is NOT a listed cause of miscarriage?
• Which bariatric procedure tends to have the least weight loss but the fewest side effects?
• Letdown failure may be helped by which strategy?
• Which statement accurately describes Type 1 diabetes during pregnancy?
• Approximately what percentage of pregnant women do not gain enough weight?
• Which combination best describes symptoms of the maternal anabolic phase?
• Late jaundice in newborns is typically due to which condition?
• Which of the following is NOT a zinc-rich food source?
• What determines the vitamin D content in human milk?
• What percent of total daily calories should come from fat, according to general guidelines?
• Physiological newborn jaundice resolves within which time frame?
• Lactogenesis I occurs before pregnancy and two days after birth, during which colostrum begins to form.
• At what point does the transition from anabolic to catabolic metabolism occur?
• Iron deficiency anemia in early pregnancy can lead to which of the following in the baby?
• Which physical benefit of breastfeeding is described?
• Physiological newborn jaundice begins after which event?
• Which is listed as the only animal-derived carbohydrate source?
• If the egg is not fertilized, which occurs?
• A miscarriage is defined as the loss of a conceptus within which gestational period?
• Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) is:
• Myoepithelial cells surround secretory cells and contract to cause milk ejection into ducts.
• Infertility prevalence: which statement is supported?
• Which statement is a risk factor for tooth decay in breastfed infants?
• What is the 2-hour plasma glucose cutpoint used to diagnose gestational diabetes with a 75-g OGTT?
• What is the approximate energy content of human milk per milliliter?
• Trans fats should be as low as possible.
• Gestational hypertension is best described as which?
• What is the recommended daily fiber intake for females?
• Which statement about placental nutrient transfer is correct?
• Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is commonly linked to infertility primarily through which mechanism?
• What is the chance of conception within a given menstrual cycle for healthy couples?
• Which hormonal change during breastfeeding contributes to uterine involution?
• What is the recommended daily fiber intake for males?
• Theca externa cells are best described as which of the following?
• Which of the following is NOT a monosaccharide?
• In addition to antioxidants, which mineral is emphasized for male fertility?
• Which statement best describes feeding frequency for newborns?
• Which statement best describes disaccharides?
• The nutrient with a daily intake of 11 mg/day during pregnancy is:
• What does progestin do in contraception regarding LH and ovulation?
• What percent of households in the United States are food insecure?
• What percent of couples are infertile?
• Which factors can contribute to malnutrition?
• For adult males, approximately how many cups of water per day?
• What percentage of daily water intake is expected to come from fluids?
• What is the main protein in mature human milk?
• Folate in human milk is bound to which protein and is less influenced by maternal intake?
• Which statement correctly characterizes complex carbohydrates?
• Preterm birth is defined as birth before which gestational age?
• Body fat stores provide an average reserve of how many calories for pregnancy and lactation?
• Which statement is true about water-soluble vitamins?
• In males, LH is primarily responsible for which function?
• Which nutrient has a pregnancy daily intake of 11 mg/day?
• Where do health problems related to nutrition originate most often?
• Which of the following are sources of iodine?
• Which of the following is a detrimental effect of maternal obesity on the mother?
• What is the main role of progesterone in the luteal phase?
• Chronic hypertension in pregnancy is defined as which?
• During pregnancy, maternal water retention amounts to about how many pounds?
• Which vitamins are water-soluble?
• Adequate Intake (AI) is defined as:
• Neonatal jaundice is characterized by which finding?
• The yellow color of human milk is due to which compound?
• Which nutrient is most closely associated with reducing neural tube defects when planning pregnancy?
• What is the name of the first half of the menstrual cycle?
• Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy contribute to which adverse outcomes?
• What is the recommended maximum percentage of calories from added sugars?
• Very preterm birth is defined as delivery before what gestational age?
• What is the rooting reflex in newborns?
• Among pregnant individuals, which group is more commonly affected by chronic hypertension?
• Which fat would be considered unsaturated?
• Nonprotein nitrogen accounts for what percent of nitrogen in milk?
• What percentage of calories should come from carbohydrates according to recommended intake?
• Zinc deficiency in infants due to low mammary uptake may present as what diaper area condition?
• Which statement about latch is correct regarding the nipple and palate?
• Which statement about foods is true?
• Dietary cholesterol primarily comes from which type of foods?
• Which vitamin should be used with caution of overdose in fertile foods?
• Which factor can influence the energy content of human milk?
• Postterm pregnancy is defined as lasting beyond how many weeks?
• Which statement best describes a basic need in nutrition?
• What describes hyperactive letdown?
• Which statement best reflects the relationship between nutrition and chronic disease?
• Which three hormones are primarily involved in the male reproductive system?
• Lactogenesis II is characterized by what process?
• Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) has which effect?
• Which mechanism best explains how obesity can contribute to infertility?
• Which of the following describes Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs)?
• Most vitamin D in human milk is in the form of 25-OH2 vitamin D and D3.
• A rare defect in mammary gland uptake of which mineral may cause zinc deficiency that presents as diaper rash?
• Most pregnancy weight gain occurs during which trimesters?
• Sore nipples may be prevented by which of the following?
• Compared with whole cow's milk, the protein content of human milk is lower and provides what additional effect?
• Before conception, women should ensure adequate intake of which nutrients?
• Which statement best describes the placenta's role in nutrient and oxygen exchange?
• Which statement about maternal diet and the energy content of breast milk is true?
• Nutritional recommendations for PCOS include which of the following?
• How does vitamin A concentration in colostrum compare to mature milk?
• Which hormone is essential for male characteristics and spermatogenesis alongside FSH and LH?
• Which list represents monosaccharides?
• What is the difference between enriched and fortified foods?
• What best describes a plugged duct?
• In pregnancy, the recommended daily intake of iron is:
• Which two fatty acids are considered essential fatty acids?
• Whey proteins in human milk precipitate by acid or enzyme.
• Which statement about mastitis is true?
• Which of the following are risk factors for gestational diabetes?
• Which list consists of disaccharides?
• Which statement accurately describes macronutrient changes during pregnancy?
• What is a suggested caffeine limit per day during fertility or pregnancy?
• Preeclampsia-eclampsia is characterized by which combination?
• What is the recommended weight gain for a normal-weight woman during pregnancy?
• What is advised regarding oral contraceptives while breastfeeding?
• What is Testosterone in males primarily responsible for?
• What structural feature characterizes unsaturated fats?
• Which is a hunger cue in newborns?
• What is the primary function of oligosaccharides in human milk?
• For underweight pregnant women, the recommended approach to weight gain is to which of the following?
• Zinc is involved in making DNA, RNA, and protein. Which biomolecules does zinc help synthesize?
• Celiac disease can impact fertility through which intestinal change?
• In the female athletic triad, what hormonal pattern accompanies energy deficit?
• Stomach emptying after a feeding occurs in about how long?
• Which statement best describes subfertility?
• Which nutrient has a daily intake of 1000 mg/day for adults?
• Fat storage increases most significantly during which period of pregnancy?
• Which hormone promotes milk production and is stimulated by suckling?
• Zinc-rich food sources include which items?
• Fertile foods emphasize which nutrients?
• The luteal phase begins approximately how long after the follicular phase ends?
• The nutrient with a daily requirement of 1000 mg/day is:
• What is the most frequent cause for hospital readmission for newborns?
• Which of the following is a hyperlactation symptom in the mother?
• Which oral cue indicates the infant is ready to latch?
• Physiological newborn jaundice peaks around which day?
• Gestational diabetes accounts for what percent of all pregnancy diabetes?
• Why is bilirubin production higher in neonates than in adults?
• Which nutrient should exclusively breastfed infants receive supplementation for at two months?
• Approximately how much additional water is required daily during pregnancy?
• The recommended daily intake of calcium for adults is:
• Which cells surround the oocyte and secrete estrogen during the follicular phase?
• How do nutrients and gases transfer from mother to fetus across the placenta?
• Which mineral is advised at 11 mg/day during pregnancy?
• What hormone does the corpus luteum secrete?
• Dietary cholesterol is a precursor to which hormones and vitamin D?
• During the follicular phase, which sequence best describes the maturation process of follicles?
• What bilirubin level in the first day indicates pathological jaundice?
• Which type of fat should be emphasized in the fat recommendations?
• In managing PCOS nutritionally, what is the primary goal?
• What percent of body water is in adults?
• Which outcome is associated with maternal obesity for the baby?
• Hypertensive disorders during pregnancy have what approximate prevalence?
• After birth, released hemoglobin is broken down by which system?
• In human milk, what is the pattern of fat content between foremilk and hindmilk?
• Obesity can increase estrogen production via peripheral conversion; what is the main consequence?
• Which is a late sign of hunger in infants?
• Nonprotein nitrogen in human milk is used to produce non-essential amino acids.
• What structure is a rounded or oblong cavity in the breast that houses secretory cells and is the site of milk production?
• Approximately what percentage of breastfed infants is at risk for vitamin K deficiency?
• When should iron supplementation begin for women planning pregnancy?
• Theca interna cells have receptors for which hormone?
• Nutrigenomics studies what?
• Which bariatric procedure is most effective for weight loss but associated with the most side effects?
• Vitamin E in human milk is described as: level linked to milk fat content and may be inadequate for preterm infants.
• Which of the following is a management option for low milk supply?
• What is the recommended daily Vitamin A intake during pregnancy according to the material?
• In males, what is the primary function of FSH?
• Elevated bilirubin can cause what if not resolved?
• Which statement describes the placenta's barrier function?
• Which statement best describes pathological newborn jaundice?
• What percent of total energy intake should protein represent?
• Gestational diabetes increases risk of which adverse outcomes?
• How is bilirubin released into the circulation transported?
• Which statement describes zinc in human milk?
• Which lifestyle change improves prognosis in PCOS?
• What is the estimated energy requirement for milk production in the first six months?
• What is the name of the second half of the menstrual cycle?
• Why is gestational diabetes typically diagnosed after 20 weeks of gestation?
• Which mechanisms help humans manage fluctuations in food intake?
• Which statement best reflects the characteristics of preeclampsia?
• The daily intake of 27 mg/day during pregnancy corresponds to which mineral?
• Combined estrogen and progestin contraceptives work mainly by:
• What is the recommended daily iron intake for women trying to conceive?
• Gestational diabetes increases the likelihood of which obstetric outcome?
• Which of the following is a symptom of hyperlactation in the baby?